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Research comparison

MOTS-c vs SS-31

Side-by-side comparison of research status, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and administration routes.

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C

Preclinical

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene. It regulates AMPK signaling, enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin, and improves exercise capacity. Animal studies show it extends lifespan and protects against diet-induced obesity and age-related metabolic dysfunction. It translocates to the nucleus under stress to regulate adaptive gene expression.

Research Status

Preclinical Research

Half-Life

Short; exercise significantly elevates circulating MOTS-c

Molecular Formula

Molecular Weight

CAS Number

Research Categories

Mitochondrial Health, Fat Loss & Metabolic, Anti-Aging & Longevity

Routes of Administration

Subcutaneous (SQ)Intravenous (IV)
SS-31

Elamipretide · Szeto-Schiller 31 · MTP-131 · Bendavia

Phase II

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing ATP synthesis efficiency. It reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Phase 2 trials have been conducted for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and Barth syndrome.

Research Status

phase2

Half-Life

~2 hours; mitochondrial targeting is rapid

Molecular Formula

Molecular Weight

CAS Number

736992-21-5

Research Categories

Mitochondrial Health, Cardiovascular, Anti-Aging & Longevity

Routes of Administration

Subcutaneous (SQ)Intravenous (IV)

Full mechanism comparison

Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and research findings comparison available on the Researcher plan.

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