Research comparison
MOTS-c vs SS-31
Side-by-side comparison of research status, mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and administration routes.
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene. It regulates AMPK signaling, enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin, and improves exercise capacity. Animal studies show it extends lifespan and protects against diet-induced obesity and age-related metabolic dysfunction. It translocates to the nucleus under stress to regulate adaptive gene expression.
Research Status
Preclinical Research
Half-Life
Short; exercise significantly elevates circulating MOTS-c
Molecular Formula
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Molecular Weight
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CAS Number
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Research Categories
Mitochondrial Health, Fat Loss & Metabolic, Anti-Aging & Longevity
Routes of Administration
SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing ATP synthesis efficiency. It reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Phase 2 trials have been conducted for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and Barth syndrome.
Research Status
phase2
Half-Life
~2 hours; mitochondrial targeting is rapid
Molecular Formula
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Molecular Weight
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CAS Number
736992-21-5
Research Categories
Mitochondrial Health, Cardiovascular, Anti-Aging & Longevity
Routes of Administration
Full mechanism comparison
Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and research findings comparison available on the Researcher plan.
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