Peptide Database

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone · Corticotropin

ACTH is a 39-amino-acid peptide hormone released by the anterior pituitary in response to CRH. Its primary role is stimulating the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol, but it also has direct melanotropic and lipolytic effects. Synthetic forms (cosyntropin) are used diagnostically for adrenal insufficiency testing. Longer-acting formulations (H.P. Acthar Gel) are approved for multiple sclerosis relapses, infantile spasms, and various inflammatory conditions.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide · ANF

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) is a 28-amino-acid cardiac hormone secreted by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to volume overload. It reduces blood pressure through natriuresis, vasodilation, and inhibition of the RAAS. Carperitide (synthetic ANP) is approved in Japan for acute heart failure. ANP is a key biomarker and drug target for heart failure and hypertension, studied alongside BNP and C-type natriuretic peptide.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide · Nesiritide

BNP (B-type/brain natriuretic peptide) is a 32-amino-acid hormone secreted by ventricular cardiomyocytes in response to wall stress and volume overload. Clinically, it is the primary biomarker for heart failure diagnosis and prognosis. Recombinant BNP (nesiritide/Natrecor) was approved for acute decompensated heart failure, producing vasodilation and natriuresis. Research into modified natriuretic peptides continues for heart failure therapy.

FPF 1070

Cerebrolysin is a mixture of neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors derived from porcine brain proteins. It mimics the actions of endogenous neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF, CNTF), promoting neuronal survival, synaptogenesis, and neuroplasticity. Approved in multiple countries for Alzheimer's disease, stroke recovery, and TBI, clinical trials show improvements in cognitive function, activities of daily living, and brain MRI outcomes.

Cortexin polypeptide complex

Cortexin is a polypeptide complex derived from the cerebral cortex of calves or pigs, containing a mixture of neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors. Approved in Russia for stroke, TBI, epilepsy, and cognitive disorders, it exhibits neuroprotective, nootropic, and anticonvulsant properties. Research supports improvements in cognitive function, reduced neurological deficit after stroke, and accelerated recovery from brain injury. It is conceptually similar to Cerebrolysin but derived from cortical tissue.

DDAVP · 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin

Desmopressin (DDAVP) is a synthetic vasopressin analog modified to eliminate vasopressor activity while retaining antidiuretic potency. FDA-approved for central diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting), and von Willebrand disease, it achieves selective V2 receptor activation. Research explores its role in cognitive enhancement, where intranasal administration shows effects on memory consolidation.

Byetta · Bydureon

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from exendin-4, a peptide found in Gila monster saliva. The first GLP-1 RA approved for type 2 diabetes, it established the GLP-1 drug class. Extended-release formulations (Bydureon) allow once-weekly dosing. Emerging research explores repurposing for Parkinson's disease, where small trials show motor improvement, and Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection.

GCG

Glucagon is a 29-amino-acid pancreatic alpha-cell hormone and physiological counter-regulator to insulin. It raises blood glucose through hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and is also lipolytic and thermogenic at supraphysiological doses. FDA-approved for hypoglycemia rescue and GI relaxation, it is now a major drug design target as a component of dual (GLP-1/glucagon) and triple agonists for obesity and NASH treatment.

GnRH · Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone

Gonadorelin is a synthetic decapeptide identical to endogenous GnRH. When administered in pulsatile fashion it stimulates LH and FSH release from the pituitary, driving gonadal testosterone and estrogen production. Clinically used for diagnosing hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, treating hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and inducing ovulation. Paradoxically, continuous administration causes receptor downregulation and hormonal suppression — the basis of GnRH agonist therapy in prostate cancer.

Victoza · Saxenda

Liraglutide is a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and obesity (Saxenda). It achieves fatty acid attachment to albumin for extended half-life, enabling daily dosing. The LEADER trial established significant cardiovascular mortality benefit in high-risk patients, and research continues into neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties beyond metabolic indications.

Afamelanotide · Scenesse

Melanotan I (afamelanotide) is a linear synthetic α-MSH analog with higher selectivity for MC1R than MT-II. FDA-approved as Scenesse for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), where it reduces phototoxic pain by enhancing melanin production and UV protection. Research explores broader applications in vitiligo, polymorphous light eruption, and other photosensitive disorders.

N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester · GVS-111

Noopept is a dipeptide-derived nootropic approved in Russia for cognitive disorders and memory impairment. It is hydrolyzed in vivo to release cycloprolylglycine, an endogenous neuropeptide. Research demonstrates neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, and anxiolytic effects, upregulation of BDNF and NGF in the hippocampus and cortex, and potential benefits in Alzheimer's disease models. It is significantly more potent than piracetam on a weight-for-weight basis.

Sandostatin · SMS 201-995

Octreotide is a synthetic 8-amino-acid somatostatin analog with a much longer half-life than native somatostatin. FDA-approved for acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, VIPomas, and variceal bleeding, it is also used off-label for Cushing's disease, thyroid cancer, and refractory diarrhea. Long-acting release (LAR) formulations allow monthly dosing. It is among the most clinically important peptide drugs in endocrinology.

Pitocin · the "bonding hormone"

Oxytocin is a 9-amino-acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Beyond its classic roles in parturition and lactation, research demonstrates effects on social bonding, trust, empathy, fear extinction, and autism spectrum disorder. Intranasal oxytocin research has produced mixed results in clinical trials, but it remains one of the most studied peptides in social neuroscience.

Symlin · synthetic amylin

Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of amylin, a peptide co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Approved as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon, and promotes satiety. It is the only amylinomimetic approved for clinical use and is studied for its complementary role to insulin in postprandial glucose control.

Bremelanotide · Vyleesi

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a cyclic heptapeptide melanocortin receptor agonist, FDA-approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in premenopausal women. Unlike PDE5 inhibitors, it acts centrally through MC3R and MC4R receptors in the hypothalamus to initiate sexual arousal, making it effective for psychological as well as physiological sexual dysfunction. Research also explores applications in male erectile dysfunction.

Selanc · TP-7

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin developed by the Russian Institute of Molecular Genetics. Approved in Russia for anxiety and cognitive disorders, it exhibits anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines without sedation or dependence. Research shows it modulates GABA, serotonin, and dopamine systems, enhances BDNF expression, and improves memory consolidation and learning.

C₃₃H₅₇N₁₁O₉ · 751.87 Da

Ozempic · Wegovy

Semaglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic, Rybelsus) and obesity (Wegovy). By mimicking the incretin hormone GLP-1, it enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite via central hypothalamic pathways. Landmark trials demonstrate up to 15–17% body weight reduction and significant cardiovascular mortality benefit.

MEHFPGP · Pro8-Gly9-Pro10-ACTH(4–10)

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of ACTH(4-7) developed in Russia, where it is approved for stroke, TBI, peptic ulcers, and cognitive enhancement. It upregulates BDNF and its receptor TrkB, promotes dopamine and serotonin turnover, and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in ischemia models. Research highlights improvements in attention, memory, and recovery from neurological injury.

GHRH(1-29) · GRF 1-29 NH2

Sermorelin is a synthetic analog of the first 29 amino acids of endogenous growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It stimulates the pituitary to produce and secrete growth hormone in a pulsatile, physiologic manner. FDA-approved for GH deficiency in children, it is extensively researched in adults for body composition, sleep quality, and age-related GH decline.

C₁₄₉H₂₄₆N₄₄O₄₂S · 3357.88 Da

SRIF · Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor

Somatostatin is a 14-amino-acid cyclic peptide and the primary endogenous inhibitor of growth hormone secretion. It also inhibits insulin, glucagon, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin release, slows GI motility, and reduces splanchnic blood flow. Its short half-life drove the development of longer-acting analogs (octreotide, lanreotide) used clinically for acromegaly, neuroendocrine tumors, and GI bleeding.

Egrifta · TH9507

Tesamorelin is a stabilized synthetic GHRH analog FDA-approved for reduction of excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy. It stimulates pulsatile GH secretion while preserving natural feedback regulation. Research demonstrates significant visceral adipose tissue reduction, improved lipid profiles, and cognitive benefits, making it a key study compound for metabolic dysfunction.

Thymus Humoral Factor-Gamma 2 · THF-γ2

Thymalin is a peptide complex isolated from bovine thymus gland, approved in Russia for use as an immunomodulator. Research demonstrates it restores age-related decline in T-cell function, enhances bone marrow activity, and supports immune homeostasis. Long-term studies in elderly populations show reductions in all-cause mortality and improved immune resilience, positioning it as a key anti-aging immunotherapy research compound.

TP-5 · Timunox

Thymopentin (TP-5) is a synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to positions 32–36 of thymopoietin. It is approved in several countries for HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune deficiencies. Research shows it selectively promotes T-cell maturation and differentiation, enhancing both cellular and humoral immune responses without causing immunosuppression.