Peptide Database

Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 6 · His-DTrp-Ala-Trp-DPhe-Lys-NH₂

GHRP-6 is one of the original synthetic GHRPs, acting as a strong ghrelin receptor agonist. It produces robust GH release accompanied by significant appetite stimulation — a property that makes it both valuable for cachexia research and distinct from cleaner GHRPs like Ipamorelin. Research also shows cytoprotective and cardioprotective properties independent of GH secretion.

C₄₆H₅₆N₁₂O₆ · 873.02 Da

Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide · Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide

GIP is a 42-amino-acid incretin hormone secreted by duodenal K-cells in response to fat and carbohydrate ingestion. Like GLP-1, it enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Unlike GLP-1, it also promotes insulin secretion during hypoglycemia, protects β-cells, and at high doses may stimulate glucagon in a glucose-independent manner. The GIP receptor's role in energy homeostasis underlies the efficacy of dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists like tirzepatide.

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 · GLP-1(7-37)

GLP-1 is an endogenous incretin hormone secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient ingestion. It enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, suppresses glucagon, slows gastric emptying, and signals satiety to the hypothalamus. Native GLP-1 has a half-life of only 1–2 minutes due to DPP-4 degradation, which drove the development of DPP-4-resistant analogs (semaglutide, liraglutide, exenatide) that are now major drug classes.

HN · mitochondria-derived peptide humanin

Humanin is a 21-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA. It is cytoprotective against Alzheimer's-related neuronal death, reduces oxidative stress, improves insulin sensitivity, and suppresses apoptosis through multiple pathways (STAT3, IGFBP-3, FPRL1). Circulating humanin levels decline with age, linking it to age-related diseases.

Long R3 IGF-1 · Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Long R3

IGF-1 LR3 is a modified version of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with an arginine substitution and 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension, which reduces binding to IGF-binding proteins and extends its half-life. It promotes muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Research explores its role in muscle wasting, recovery from injury, and anabolic signaling.

Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 · Somatomedin A

IGF-2 is a 67-amino-acid peptide growth factor closely related to IGF-1, primarily active during fetal and neonatal development. In adults, research highlights its potent cognitive effects — IGF-2 administration after training enhances long-term memory consolidation in rodents by a remarkable degree, acting through IGF2R and mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the hippocampus. It has also emerged as a candidate for treating cognitive deficits in aging and neurodegenerative disease.

NNC 26-0161

Ipamorelin is a selective growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin receptor agonist. Unlike other GHRPs, it stimulates GH release with high selectivity — producing minimal cortisol, ACTH, or prolactin elevation. It is among the most studied GHRPs for its clean GH pulse profile, making it a preferred research peptide for GH axis studies with reduced side effect concern.

C₃₈H₄₉N₉O₅ · 711.86 Da

Lys-Pro-Val · α-MSH C-terminal tripeptide

KPV is a tripeptide derived from the C-terminal sequence of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). It exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production. Research is particularly focused on its potential for inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and skin inflammation, with studies showing efficacy even when administered orally or topically.

Pentapeptide-18

Leuphasyl is a pentapeptide that acts as an enkephalin analog, binding to δ-opioid receptors on muscle cells and neuronal cells to modulate acetylcholine release and reduce muscle contraction. Often combined with Argireline in cosmetic formulations for a synergistic anti-wrinkle effect, studies show the combination outperforms either compound alone in reducing crow's feet and forehead lines.

Magainin II

Magainin-2 is a 23-amino-acid cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). It kills bacteria through membrane disruption — forming toroidal pores in bacterial lipid bilayers — while showing low toxicity to mammalian cells due to differences in membrane composition. It is a key model peptide for AMP research and drug design, with a derivative (pexiganan) evaluated in clinical trials for diabetic foot ulcers.

MGF · IGF-1Ec

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) is a splice variant of the IGF-1 gene expressed in response to mechanical loading and muscle damage. Unlike systemic IGF-1, MGF activates satellite cells (muscle stem cells) to proliferate before differentiating — a critical step in muscle repair and growth. Research indicates it plays a distinct, non-overlapping role with systemic IGF-1 in tissue regeneration.

MT-II · MT2

Melanotan II is a cyclic synthetic analog of α-MSH that non-selectively activates melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R). It induces skin tanning (via MC1R), erectile function (via MC4R), and sexual arousal while also suppressing appetite. It was the precursor compound from which PT-141 was developed. Research continues despite regulatory concerns due to its broad receptor activity profile.

CJC-1295 without DAC · Modified GRF 1-29

Mod GRF 1-29 is a modified version of GHRH(1-29) with four amino acid substitutions that increase stability and half-life without the DAC albumin-binding component. It produces a natural, pulsatile GH release and is commonly paired with GHRPs (like Ipamorelin) for a synergistic GH pulse. Its shorter duration preserves natural pituitary feedback mechanisms.

Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA Type-C

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene. It regulates AMPK signaling, enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin, and improves exercise capacity. Animal studies show it extends lifespan and protects against diet-induced obesity and age-related metabolic dysfunction. It translocates to the nucleus under stress to regulate adaptive gene expression.

NPY

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino-acid peptide and the most abundant neuropeptide in the mammalian CNS, acting through Y1–Y6 receptors. It is a potent orexigenic signal (stimulating appetite and fat storage), anxiolytic agent, vasoconstrictor, and regulator of circadian rhythms. Paradoxically, peripheral NPY promotes fat accumulation while central NPY drives food intake — making it a complex but high-priority metabolic research target.

NT · NTS

Neurotensin is a 13-amino-acid neuropeptide found in the brain and GI tract. Centrally, it modulates dopamine circuits, acts as an endogenous antipsychotic-like agent, and is analgesic. Peripherally, it inhibits gastric acid secretion, stimulates pancreatic secretion, and promotes fat absorption. Research explores neurotensin analogs for pain, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and metabolic regulation.

Hypocretin-1 · OXA

Orexin A (Hypocretin-1) is a 33-amino-acid neuropeptide produced exclusively by lateral hypothalamic neurons. It promotes wakefulness, arousal, and energy expenditure via OX1R and OX2R receptors, and its deficiency (due to autoimmune destruction of orexin neurons) is the cause of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Orexin receptor antagonists (suvorexant, lemborexant) are approved for insomnia; orexin agonists are under development for narcolepsy.

P21 cognitive peptide

P21 is a peptide fragment derived from CNTF (Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor) designed to activate the STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes neurogenesis and cognitive function. Animal research demonstrates improved spatial memory, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, and enhanced BDNF expression. It is studied as a non-cytokine CNTF functional mimetic without the systemic side effects of full-length CNTF.

Matrixyl · Pal-KTTKS

Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl) is a lipopeptide widely used in cosmetic anti-aging formulations. It is derived from the procollagen type I sequence and acts as a matrikine, signaling skin cells to produce collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid. Clinical studies demonstrate measurable reduction in wrinkle depth and improved skin elasticity with topical application.

Pal-GHK · Matrixyl component

Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1 is a lipopeptide created by palmitoylating GHK (glycyl-histidyl-lysine), the same sequence as GHK-Cu without copper. The palmitoyl group enhances skin penetration, while the GHK sequence signals fibroblasts to upregulate collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid synthesis. It is a primary active ingredient in Matrixyl formulations and widely used in anti-aging cosmetics with clinical data supporting wrinkle reduction.

PEGylated Mechano Growth Factor

PEG-MGF is a PEGylated (polyethylene glycol-modified) form of Mechano Growth Factor, designed to dramatically extend its biological half-life from minutes to days while preserving activity. PEGylation allows systemic delivery and sustained satellite cell activation without the need for local injection. Research shows enhanced muscle hypertrophy signaling compared to unmodified MGF.

EDR peptide · Glu-Asp-Arg

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is characterized as a pineal gland cytoprotective peptide that penetrates the blood-brain barrier and acts as a transcription factor, regulating gene expression in neuronal cells. Research suggests neuroprotective, antioxidant, and cognition-preserving effects, particularly in aging and hypoxic conditions.

Arg-Gly-Asp · Integrin-binding peptide

RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) is a tripeptide sequence found in many extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen) that serves as the primary recognition motif for integrin receptors. RGD-containing peptides and scaffolds are extensively used in biomaterials research to promote cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation for tissue engineering, wound healing, and regenerative medicine applications.

Small Humanin-Like Peptide 2

SHLP2 is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded in the 16S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome, from the same region as humanin. It promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, reduces reactive oxygen species, and inhibits apoptosis in multiple cell types. Research shows it protects against age-related macular degeneration, reduces atherosclerosis risk, and is inversely correlated with type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease. Circulating SHLP2 declines with age.