Peptide Database

ACVR2B-Fc · Bimagrumab-precursor

ACE-031 is a fusion protein of the extracellular domain of activin type IIB receptor (ACVR2B) fused to human IgG1 Fc. It acts as a myostatin/activin trap, sequestering multiple TGF-β superfamily ligands (myostatin, GDF-11, activin A) that inhibit muscle growth. Phase 2 trials in Duchenne muscular dystrophy showed significant lean muscle mass gains before being halted for safety signals (nosebleeds, telangiectasias). Related compound bimagrumab continues development.

AM

Adrenomedullin is a 52-amino-acid vasoactive peptide originally isolated from human pheochromocytoma. It is a potent vasodilator acting through CGRP receptors, promotes natriuresis, reduces inflammation, protects vascular endothelial barrier function, and enhances wound healing. Circulating AM levels rise in heart failure, sepsis, and critical illness — making it both a biomarker and emerging therapeutic target.

Ang(1-7) · A779 counter-regulatory

Angiotensin 1-7 is a 7-amino-acid peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the primary product of ACE2 enzyme activity. It opposes the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory actions of Angiotensin II by acting on the Mas receptor — promoting vasodilation, natriuresis, anti-fibrosis, and anti-inflammation. Extensively studied for heart failure, hypertension, and COVID-19, it represents the counter-regulatory arm of the RAS.

Trappin-2 · SKALP

Elafin is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor (serpin-like) peptide produced by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces. It inhibits neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3, protecting tissues from excessive inflammatory damage, while also exhibiting direct antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Research focuses on inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, ARDS, and vaginal microbiome modulation, where recombinant elafin is in Phase 2 trials.

FGF-21

FGF-21 is a 181-amino-acid endocrine fibroblast growth factor secreted by the liver under fasting conditions. It promotes fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, insulin sensitization, and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Animal studies show it extends lifespan and reverses metabolic syndrome. Long-acting FGF-21 analogs and fusion proteins (efruxifermin, pegbelfermin) are in Phase 2–3 trials for NASH, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

Pralmorelin · Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 2

GHRP-2 is a synthetic hexapeptide and potent ghrelin receptor agonist that stimulates growth hormone release from the pituitary. It produces a strong GH pulse with some elevation of cortisol and prolactin at higher doses. Research includes GH deficiency diagnosis, body composition, sleep quality, and appetite stimulation via its ghrelin-mimetic mechanism.

C₄₅H₅₅N₉O₆ · 817.99 Da

Examorelin · EP 23905

Hexarelin is one of the most potent synthetic GHRP compounds, producing the largest GH pulse among GHRPs. Beyond its GH-stimulating properties, research highlights direct cardioprotective effects through CD36 receptor binding, independent of GH or IGF-1. Studies show benefits in heart failure models, myocardial infarction recovery, and protection against ventricular dysfunction.

KP-10 · metastin 45-54

Kisspeptin-10 is the shortest biologically active fragment of the kisspeptin peptide family, which are potent endogenous activators of the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator. Research demonstrates it stimulates LH and FSH release and has been studied for infertility, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and modulating sexual aversion in psychological studies. It represents a key upstream regulator of the reproductive axis.

Davunetide · NAPVSIPQ

NAP (NAPVSIPQ) is an 8-amino-acid neuroprotective peptide derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP). It stabilizes microtubules by interacting with tubulin, protecting neurons against tau pathology, amyloid toxicity, and oxidative damage. Phase 2 trials in schizophrenia and progressive supranuclear palsy have been completed; research is ongoing for Alzheimer's disease and autism spectrum disorder.

PYY · PYY3-36

Peptide YY (PYY) is a 36-amino-acid gut hormone released by L-cells postprandially. The truncated form PYY3-36 is the predominant circulating form and acts as a potent satiety signal by inhibiting NPY neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. Research and early clinical trials demonstrate that PYY3-36 administration significantly reduces food intake. It represents a key component of gut-brain appetite regulation studied for obesity treatment.

Elamipretide · Szeto-Schiller 31

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a tetrapeptide that selectively targets cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane, stabilizing cristae architecture and enhancing ATP synthesis efficiency. It reduces mitochondrial ROS production and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and aging-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Phase 2 trials have been conducted for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and Barth syndrome.

Tβ4 · LKKTETQ

Thymosin Beta-4 is the full-length 43-amino-acid peptide and one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells. It sequesters G-actin, regulating actin polymerization and cell motility, which underpins its role in wound healing, cardiac repair, and immune cell migration. Clinical trials have examined it for dry eye disease, epidermolysis bullosa, and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.

UCN1 · Urocortin

Urocortin 1 (UCN1) is a 40-amino-acid member of the CRH peptide family that activates both CRHR1 and CRHR2 receptors. It has potent cardioprotective effects — improving cardiac contractility, reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury, and stimulating natriuresis — making it a significant heart failure research target. It also modulates anxiety and appetite centrally. Phase 2 trials for chronic heart failure showed improvements in cardiac function.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide · Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide with pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, bronchodilatory, and immunomodulatory effects mediated through VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. Research spans pulmonary arterial hypertension (inhaled VIP trials), inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, Parkinson's disease, and CIRS (chronic inflammatory response syndrome). It suppresses Th1 cytokines and promotes Treg cell function.